chandrayaan 2

chandrayaan 2 is the second moon mission launched by Indian Space Research Organization for the exploration of untouched and unexplored southern region of the moon. The Indian government has allocated cost of ₹978 crore. The Orbiter has been designed and developed by HAL in 2015. It has crafted with high resolution camera. 

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This lunar exploration mission has been led by selective and excellent scientists. ISRO made a tremendous effort in bid to accomplish its objectives. 

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They made all possible endeavor in order to achieve scientific objectives such as mapping and studying the variations in moon surface composition. Moreover, the ISRO was expected to continue its water exploration in moon surface. 

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In addition to, the mission was designed to expand the lunar scientific knowledge through detailed study of topography, seismography, mineral identification and distribution, surface chemical composition, thermo-physical characteristics of top soil and composition of the tenuous lunar atmosphere, leading to a new understanding of the origin and evolution of the Moon.

chandrayaan1’s success

chandrayaan1’s success stimulated ISRO for further lunar exploration mission. As a result,  ISRO singed an agreement with Russian space agency Roscosmos for the period of two year. They made collective efforts to accomplish all their chandrayaan 2 objectives. However,  ISRO had to come across numerous challenges and adversities. In January 2013, the mission was postponed due to Roscosmos inability to design and develop lander. Moreover, Russia went to withdraw from this project in wake of the failure of the it’s Fobos-Grunt mission to Mars.

Although ISRO had to come a long way through tough pahse, ISRO overcame all these challenges and obstacles and rescheduled the entire mission one more time. After the withdrawal of Roscosmos from this project,  chandrayaan 2 lunar exploration mission became complete indigenous mission of India. Eventually, ISRO went to achieve almost 95% of its moon objectives. 

chandrayaan 2 scheduled

However, chandrayaan 2 was scheduled to be launched on 15th of July 2019, could not be launched due to some technical issues. Later on, it was rescheduled to launch on 22nd of July 2019 at 2.43 PM IST from Satish dhawan space center,  Sriharikota.

ISRO used powerful GSLV (Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle) Mark III to launch heavy chandrayaan 2. Since, GSLV is launching vehicle which is used for heavy satellite, hence, GSLV mark 3 was named Bahubali by media houses. 

chandrayaan 2 comprised an Orbiter, Lander (Vikram) and Rover (Pragyan) to explore the unexplored Southern region of the Moon. The Rover  (Pragyan) was expected to be functional for 14 days and Orbiter 7 year. Having got out from earth’s orbit, the charyaann reached the Moon’s orbit on 20 August 2019 and started orbital positioning manoeuvres for the landing of the Vikram lander.

Lander and the rover were scheduled to take soft landing on southern region of the Moon, at a latitude of about 70° south at approximately 20:23 UTC on 6 September 2019 and conduct scientific experiments for one lunar day, which approximates two Earth weeks.

Everything was going well and as per expection

Everything was going well and as per expection of ISRO’s scientists and everyone felt that India was likely to create history after soft landing in unexplored and untouched region of moon. The lander (Vikram) got separated from orbiter on 2nd September 2019. Everything was in control of ISRO’S scientists. Hence we were likely to achieve new milestone in the field of space and science. 

lander got crashed

However, the Vikram got diverted from its original trajectory starting at 2.1 km height. As a result,  ISRO lost contact with lander. Moreover,  many speculations started spreading that lander got crashed, when it was orbiting above 2.1km. 

Lander (Vikram) got deviated

Sources in ISRO said, Lander (Vikram) got deviated from its original trajectory at an altitude of 2.1. After that, the lander reached 335 meters at a speed of 60 metres per second. It was at this place that Vikram lost contact with the ISRO station in Bengaluru.

Scientists said, they suspect that Vikram hit the Moon’s surface at the same speed with which it was orbiting around the Moon. 

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ISRO scientists lost contact.

ISRO scientists were hopeful that the lander would be able to establish lost contact. Unfortunately, a report by ISRO’s chief K Sivan, stating that the lander has made had landing and made crash landing. Even if lander made hard landing,  scientists of NASA and ISRO made all possible effort to establish communication with lander but all efforts went in vain.

80% successful.

ISRO might have got failed to make soft landing but it was almost successful lunar exploration mission as Orbiter is still functional and operational and sending images of the moon.

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