Tense in English Grammar
Def:- Tense is a grammatical term in which we study the form of the verb and it shows the relation with time. By :- Nesfield father of Modern
Grammar.
Introduction OF Tense:- The word tense was originated from a latin word “Tempus” which means “Time” It has 72 structures & It is very important for spoken & written English .
Q. How many types of tense?
Ans:- There are three types of tense.
- Present tense (4×6=24)
- Past tense (4×6=24)
- Future tense (4×6=24)
Present tense
- Present indefinite Tense
- Present continuous Tense
- Present perfect Tense
- Present perfect continuous tense
2. Past Tense
- Past indefinite tense
- Past continuous tense
- Past perfect tense
- Past perfect continuous tense
3. Future Tense
- Future indefinite tense
- Future continuous
- Future perfect tense
- Future perfect continuous
PRESENT Present indefinite:- or Simple present Tense
Id:- v1+ता है/ती है/ ते है।
Def:- It shows the daily routine or It shows the natural phenomena.
Str :- Sub+v1/v5+obj
V1 = He / she / it / name
V5 = I / we / you / they
Note:- Affirmative sentence में कोई helping verb नहीं लगता है।
Ex:- वह यहाँ आता है।
He comes here.
He is come here .×
He here comes. ×
Ex:- मैं आपको जानता हूँ।
I know you.
Neg :- S+ do/does+not+vi+obj
Does- He /she / it / name
Do – I /we / you / they
Ex:- वह झूठ नही बाेलता है।
He does not tell a lie.
Intro..:- Do/Does+s+v1+obj
Ex:- क्या वह चाय पिता है?
Does he take tea?
Interonegative:-
Str :- Do/does+S+ not+v1+0
Ex:- क्या वह झूठ नही बाेलता है?
Does he not tell a lia ?
Wh.Q . Affirmative:-
Str:- Wh+Q+do/does+S++v1+0
Ex:-वह कयु चिल्लाता है?
Why does he cry?
Wh.Q.Negative :-
Str:- Wh+Q+do/does+S+not+v1+0
Ex:- तुम क्यु नही समझते हो?
Why do you not understand?
Ex:- वह कैसे नही पढता है?
How does he not read?
Simple present
Id:- N/adj है/ या हाेता है।
Note:- इसमें verb नही होता है।
Str:- Sub+is/are/am+N/adj
Is:-He/she/it/name
Are:-you, we/they
Am:- I
Ex:- आकाश नीला हाेता है।
The sky is blue.
वह मेरा भाई है।
He is my brother.
Present imperfect/continuous/ progressive.
Deff:- It shows the temporary action of the present.Id:-v+रहा है /रही है/रहे है।
Str:- S+is/am/are+v4+obj
Ex:- 1.वह एक पत्र लिख रहा है।
He is writing a letter. 2 . He is not writing a letter.
3. Is he writing a letter?
4. Is he not writing a letter
5. Why is he writing a letter?
6. Why is he not writing a letter?
3 . Present Perfect Or Present-non-progressive
Def:- It shows the recent action.
Id:- V+या है /यी है/ ये है।
2. V+चुका है/ चुकी है/ चुके है।
3. V+आकार है।
Str:- S+has/have+v3+obj
Has:- He/ she/ it/ name
Have:- I /we/ you/ they etc
Example
:- उसने अपकाे निमंत्रण दिया है।
He has invited you.
वह चाय पी चुका है।
He has taken tea .
उसने zero देखा है।
He has watched the zero.
4.Present perfect continuous Or Present perfect progressive
Def:- It shows the action started in the past & still going on in the present tense.
Id:- V+रहा है / रही है/ रहे है।त रहा है /त रही है/ त रहे है। with time
Str:- S+has/have+been+v4+0 +since /for
Since (से):-
Name of the month
Name of the day
Name of the year
Name of the time
Since of the since 2o’clock
For (से):-
Period of time
For 2 months
For four days
For 3 years
Example:-
वह सुबह से पढ रहा है।
He has been reading since
morning.
वह दो महिनो से पटना में रह रहा है।
He has been living in Patna
for two months.
PAST TENSE
1.Past indefinite Or Simple past
Deff:– It shows the action of the past.
Id:- (1) V+या/ ये/ यी
(2) V+ता था/ती थी/ते थे।
- Note:-इसके Affirmative में काेई Helping verb नही अाता है।
Str:– sub+v2+obj
Example:- वह यहाँ आया।
He came here.
वह बाजार गया।
He went to markets.
मैं यह बात जानता था।
I know this matter.
Negative:-
Str:- sub+did+not+v1+obj
Ex:-उसने यह काम नही किया।
He did not do this work.
वह नही आया।
He did not come.
Intro:- Did he come?
Intro.N- Did he not come?
Wh.Q:-why did he come?
Wh.Q.Ng- Why did he not come?
Simple past tense
Id:- N/adj था
N/adj हाेता था
Str:- S+was/were+noun/adj
Was -He/ she/ it/ name
Were- They/ we/ you/etc
Example:-
वह बहुत माेटा था।
He was very fat/so fat.
तुम पागल थे।
You were mad.
2.Past continuous /imperfect/ Progressive tense
Deff:– It shows the temporary action of the past.
Id:– V+रहा था/रही थी/ रहे थे।
Str:- S+was/were+v4+obj
Example:-
वह एक हाेटेल बना रहा था
He was constructing a hotel.
Ng:- He was not constructing a hotel.
Intro:– Was he constructing a hotel?
Intro.ng :- Was he not constructing a hotel?
Wh.Q:-Why was he constructi -ng a hotel?
Wh.Q.ng:- Why was he not Constructing a hotel?
3.Past perfect tense or (Past-non-progressive)
Id:– V+ या था/यी थी/ये थे
चुका था/चुकी थी/ चुके थे
Str:– Sub+had+v3+obj
Example:-
वह सा चुका था।
He had slept.
वह चला गया था।
He had gone.
Past perfect continuous Tense
Deff:– It shows the action Started in the past continuous & finished in the past.
Id:– V+रहा था/ रही थी/रहे थे
With time
Str:-S+had+been+v4+obj Since/ for
Example:-
वह सुबह से पढ रहा था।
He had been reading since morning.
तुम बचपन से यह काम कर रहे थे।
You had been doing this work
since childhood.
Ng:- You had been not doing
this work since childhood.
Intro:- Had you been doing
this work since childhood?
Intro.ng:- Had you been not
doing this work since
childhood?
Wh.Q:- Why you had been doi
-ng this work since childhood
?
Wh.Q.ng:- Why you had been
not doing this work since
Childhood ?
FUTURE TENSE
Future indefinite:-
Deff:-It shows the action of future in a sentence.
Id:- V+गा/ गे/ गी
Str:– S+shall/will+v1+obj
Shall:- 1st person (I,we)
Will:- I,we,you they, he,she
It,name
Ex:- मैं आउगा।
I shall come.
वह जाएगा।
He will go.
Ng:-He will not go.
Intro:- Will he go?
Intro. Ng:-Will he not go?
Wh.Q:-Why will he go?
Wh.Q.ng:-Why will he not go?
Future continuous tense
Deff:– It shows the action
Will be continuous in the future.
Id:- V+ता रहेगा/ती रहेगी/ते रहेगें।
V+रहा हाेगा/रही हाेगा/रहे हाेगा
Str:- S+shall/will+be+V4+obj
Example:-
वह एक पत्र लिखता रहेगा।
He will be writing a letter.
तुम खाना बनाते रहाेगे।
You will be cooking food.
Ng:- you will not be cooking
Food.
Intro:- Will you be cooking
food?
Intro. Ng:- Will you not be cooking food?
Wh.Q :- Why will you be cooking food?
Wh.Q.ng:-Why will you not be
Cooking food?
FUTURE PERFECT TENSE
Deff:- It shows completion of
an action in the future.
Id:- V+या हाेगा/यी हाेगा/ये हाेगे।/
चुका हाेगां/चुकी हाेगीं/ चुके होगें।
Str:- S+shall/will+have+v3+0
Example:-
वह बाजार गया हाेगां।
He will have gone to market.
तुम खाना खा चुके हाेगें।
You will have eaten food.
Neg:- you will not have eaten Food.
Intro:– Will you have eaten food?
Intro. Ng:-Will you not have eaten food?
Wh.Q:-Why will you have eaten food?
Wh.Q.ng:-Why will you not have eaten food?
Future perfect continuous
Deff:-It shows the action will be continue from a certain time in the future.
Id:-
V+रहा हाेगा (with time)
V+रहेगा (with time )
V+ता हुआ रहेगा(with time)
Structure:-
S+shall/will+have+been+v4+ Obj+for/from
Example:-
वह दाें बजे से पढ़ता रहेगा।
He will have been reading from 2 o’clock.
Neg:- He will have not been
reading from 2 o’ clock.
Intro:- Will he have been reading from 2 o’clock?
Intro. Ng:-Will he not have been reading from 2 o’clock?
Wh.Q:- Why will he have been
reading from 2 o’clock?
Wh.Q.ng:-Why will he not have been reading from 2 o’clock?
Learn Voice :- 
Tense
Preset Tense
Past Tense
Future Tense
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